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When COPD May Be Alpha-1

Here's what you'll learn on this page:

COPD can have an underlying genetic cause. If you have COPD, ask your doctor about testing for Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Alpha-1 is a hidden cause of lung disease

Have you noticed it’s harder to exercise, or have you experienced shortness of breath or a persistent cough? These symptoms may be associated with conditions such as COPD, emphysema, or bronchiectasis—but they can also signal an underlying cause: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (Alpha-1).

Alpha-1 is an inherited genetic condition. Were you also born with it?

Four icons showing a person coughing, lungs with infection, lungs with a wound, and lungs with pain
Image of a woman with blonde hair, indicating a real patient with AATD
I started feeling like something was off with my lungs about ten years before my Alpha-1 diagnosis.
— Sophia,* living with Alpha-1, diagnosed at 44
Image of a man wearing a dark shirt, indicating a real patient with AATD
There are so many people out there that have decreased lung function who just don't know that they have Alpha-1 and don't even know to get tested.
— Chris,* living with Alpha-1, diagnosed at 58

*Each patient story reflects the real-life experiences of individuals diagnosed with Alpha-1. Individual experiences may vary. Patients were compensated for their time by Sanofi.

Could there be more to your COPD diagnosis?

If you've assumed smoking, pollution, dust exposure, or another lung condition explains your symptoms, there may be more to the story.

Get tested for Alpha-1

Testing for Alpha-1 can provide more answers

Alpha-1 can be mistaken for other lung conditions, including COPD and emphysema. Testing is the only way to know if you have it—and may help provide answers for your family members, too.

About genetic testing

Hear from the Alpha-1 community

A diagnosis can bring difficult emotions, but it can also provide answers. See how people living with Alpha-1 found their diagnosis, navigated their symptoms, and moved forward with a plan.

See their stories

Frequently asked questions

What is Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (Alpha-1) is an inherited genetic condition caused by changes in the SERPINA1 gene. These changes can lead to below normal levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin, a protein that helps protect the lungs.

What are the symptoms of Alpha-1?

Symptoms may include shortness of breath, wheezing, a persistent cough, reduced ability to exercise, and recurring lung infections. Alpha-1 can also affect the liver. Symptoms may vary and can resemble COPD, emphysema, asthma, or other lung conditions.

What do my Alpha-1 letters mean?

Letters such as MM, MZ, SZ, or ZZ describe your SERPINA1 genotype—the letters (genetic variant) you inherited from your parents. Your letters can affect your alpha-1 protein level and may help your doctor understand your Alpha-1 profile.

Can Alpha-1 be mistaken for COPD or emphysema?

Yes. Alpha-1 can contribute to lung disease that resembles COPD or emphysema. If you have COPD, emphysema, unexplained bronchiectasis, or persistent lung symptoms, ask your doctor about Alpha-1 testing.

MAT-US-2611005-v1.0-10/2026. Last updated October 2026.
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